How To Choose A Safe Sunscreen

Do you know how to choose a safe sunscreen? This post will teach you how to choose a safe sunscreen with optimal SPF, that protects from both UVA and UVB rays, is reef safe, and free from harmful ingredients such as parabens, fragrances and phthalates.

There is so much confusion out there regarding sunscreens. Between SPF numbers, active ingredients, barrier sunscreens vs chemical sunscreens it can be very daunting heading into the sunscreen isle. But wearing sunscreen is super important if you are going to be in the sun for any prolonged period of time. We know that too much sun exposure can lead to premature aging of the skin, sunburns, and contribute to skin cancer, so it is important to keep yourself and your family protected. But every sunscreen is not created equal. Some can actually be very harmful to your health and I've learned by talking with my friends, family and patients recently that most people have no idea how to choose a safe sunscreen. So I decided it was time to help you make safe and informed choices when trying to choose a sunscreen, so I put together this guide: How To Choose A Safe Sunscreen.

How To Choose A Safe Sunscreen

1. Choose SPF 30 (And No Higher)

This is a confusing one for many people. Most people have no idea what SPF actually means. SPF stands for sun protection factor. What SPF refers to is a sunscreen's ability to prevent UVB from damaging the skin or causing a sunburn (it doesn't indicate the product's ability to block UVA rays or its UVA protection however). This is how it works: If it takes 20 minutes for your unprotected skin to start turning red, using an SPF 15 sunscreen means that it will take 15 times longer for your skin to turn red (about five hours). So an SPF of 30 means it takes 30 times longer to start turning red, etc.

Most people also don't know what the differences are between the different SPF values and their ability to block the suns rays. Many people assume that choosing an SPF 100 means they would get double the protection compared to an SPF 50. Unfortunately this isn't correct. The differences in protection between SPF 25, 30, 50 and 100 are extremely small. An SPF of of 25 blocks 96% of the suns rays, an SPF 30 blocks 97%, SPF 50 98%, and SPF 100 99%. No sunscreen can block 100% of the suns rays. So by choosing an SPF 100 over an SPF of 30, you really aren't getting that much in addition protection from the sun (only 2%). People often get a false sense of security by choosing very high SPF sunscreens, but what you are often getting by choosing SPF values higher than 30 is exposure to more and more harmful ingredients.

Higher SPF products require higher concentrations of sun-filtering chemicals than lower SPF sunscreens. Unfortunately, many of these sun-filtering chemicals are not good for our health, being known to cause tissue damage and hormone disruption. They can also cause allergic skin reactions. There is also no evidence that SPF's above 30 are any better at reducing skin damage and skin cancer risk compared to SPF 30 products. This is likely due to how sunscreens work. The ingredients that form a product’s SPF are aimed at blocking UVB rays, which are the rays that cause sunburns and non-melanoma skin cancers. UVA rays on the other hand, penetrate deeper into the skin and are harder to block with sunscreen ingredients currently approved by the FDA. UVA exposure suppresses the immune system, causes harmful free radicals to form in skin, and is associated with higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer (the extremely aggressive and often fatal one). A sunscreen's SPF rating has little to do with the product’s ability to shield the skin from UVA rays. As a result, most sunscreens offer far less protection against UVA than UVB rays, and this is the worst for those products with the highest SPF values. This is because UVA and UVB protecting ingredients do not harmonize. Using a higher SPF product means you are getting more UVB and sunburn protection, but less protection against UVA rays, which are the rays that cause melanoma skin cancer.

In other words, choosing an SPF 30 sunscreen (as long as it is used properly) should optimize your protection from both UVA and UVB rays, offer great sunburn protection, and limit your exposure to additional harmful chemicals that are required to make higher SPF rated sunscreens.

2. Use Zinc Oxide Based Sunscreens

The active ingredients (the ones that protect you from burning) in sunscreens come in two forms: mineral and chemical filters. Each uses a different mechanism for protecting skin and maintaining stability in sunlight. The most common sunscreens on the market (think brands like Coppertone, Neutrogena, Banana Boat etc) contain chemical filters. The individual chemical sunscreen filters actually don't work that well when it comes to protecting skin from the sun either. Because of this, they are often combined to help increase their effectiveness, so many of these sunscreens contain a combination of two to six of these chemical filters which come in the form of oxybenzone, avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, homosalate and octinoxate. Mineral sunscreens on the other hand use zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide and offer much better and broader protection from the sun (offering better UVA and UVB protection).

Besides offering inferior protection from the sun, another problem with the chemical filters is that they are bad for our health. I've written about this topic before in my post The Safest Sunscreens (That Actually Work) but these chemical filters can act as hormone disruptors, and they can also cause allergic reactions. What's even scarier, is that some of those ingredients in the chemical based sunscreens actually become even more dangerous when they are exposed to UV radiation. Without getting too sciencey on you, they form free radicals when exposed to UV light, which can cause significant damage within the body (and have even been linked to cancer). Yikes!

Of the chemical filters, oxybenzone is likely the most dangerous. It can act like an estrogen in the body and has anti-androgenic effects, as well as potentially causing allergic skin reactions. It's also been linked to birth defects and other pregnancy related problems. And for breast feeding women, oxybenzone and other chemical filters end up in your breast milk, meaning that your baby is directly ingesting those harmful chemicals. One study showed that 85% of breast milk samples contained at least one chemical sunscreen filter. How scary is that? And besides being bad for us, oxybenzone is also extremely bad for the environment. In fact, it's destroying the coral reefs.

Mineral sunscreen barriers don't penetrate the skin like chemical barriers do, meaning that they can't impact your internal organs or hormones like chemical barriers can, and are therefore a much healthier and safer option. When it comes to mineral sunscreen filters I suggest using zinc oxide based sunscreens. This is because it is both the safest of the two mineral barriers (titanium dioxide being the other one) and the most effective. You also want to be sure to choose brands that are using non-nano zinc oxide. Nano particles can be harmful to our health and are easily inhaled so you want to be sure to avoid them.

The EWG (environmental working group) has done a great review of this topic and you can read their article here.

3. Avoid Fragrances

5. Avoid Parabens

Parabens are used as preservatives, anti-bacterial agents and stabilizers in many skin care and cosmetic products. The parabens used most often in personal care products are methyl, ethyl, butyl and propyl paraben. Parabens have weak estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity within the body. This means that they can cause hormone imbalances. And since hormones are one of the master regulators of the body, this is a big problem. Hormone imbalances can lead to a number of health problems including thyroid disease, decreased sperm counts, infertility, acne, fatigue, weight gain, etc. Parabens can also contribute to hormone imbalances and hormonally based cancers such as breast cancer. In fact, one study showed that 99% of those with breast cancer had paraben accumulation in their breast cancer tumors. 99%. It's so scary!

When you are reading labels, look for ingredients ending in "aben" as this will indicate a paraben. Once you see that term, simply put that sunscreen (or other personal care product) back on the shelf. Because those ingredients have no business in your body.

How To Choose A Sunscreen

So now that I have probably totally scared you and you are running to your bathroom cupboards to throw out all of your current sunscreens, how on earth are you going to navigate the sunscreen isle and decipher all those ingredients on sunscreen labels? Don't worry friends, you don't need to become label reading experts when you are trying to choose a sunscreen. My biggest tip to easily choose a safe sunscreen is to use the EWG (environmental working group) Skin Deep Database. You can look up individual products and see where they rank. I suggest only using sunscreens that rank a 3 or less. Every year the EWG puts out a new sunscreen guide, sharing the safest sunscreens of that year (they also do a guide of the most dangerous). Here is the link to the 2018 review. 

My personal favourite sunscreen is Beautycounter's Countersun Mineral Sunscreen. It ranks really well on the EWG database, works extremely well, offers both UVA protection and UVB protection, is water resistant, and unlike other zinc oxide based sunscreens, it goes on nice and clear. No thick, pasty white, thick as cement texture, like most other brands have. It also blocks blue light which most other brands do not. Blue light is the light emitted from all of our electronics and computer devices and each day more health problems are being linked to blue light exposure. Problems like disrupted sleep, vision changes, premature skin aging and possibly even skin cancer. I don't know of any other sunscreen brand on the market besides Beautycounter's that blocks blue light. I use the Countersun Mineral Lotion for my body and the Mineral Sunscreen Stick or Sheer Defense Face Sunscreen for my face. If you are interested in shopping Beautycounter, please click here and be sure to use the code CLEANFORALL20 to get 20% off your order.

If you find information like this helpful, I have a Healthy Living 101 Facebook group where I share all sorts of health information. It is a place where you can ask me health related questions (no medical questions please) and interact with each other. If you are interested in joining please click here. I always always share a ton of health information on my Instagram Stories. You can follow me on Instagram here.

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References

What's Wrong With High SPF?

 Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds: Their role in reproductive systems, metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. A review.

 Methylparaben stimulates tumor initiating cells in ER+ breast cancer models. 

 Parabens can enable hallmarks and characteristics of cancer in human breast epithelial cells: a review of the literature with reference to new exposure data and regulatory status.

 Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: A systematic literature review.

 Triclosan in water, implications for human and environmental health.

Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone‐3

Sunscreens: are they beneficial for health? An overview of endocrine disrupting properties of UV-filters.

Measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue at serial locations across the breast from axilla to sternum